How this worksGuide & definitions
Quick start
- Choose a book and chapter using the picker at the top.
- Read the Berean Standard Bible text in the main column.
- Hover a verse number in the passage to open a manuscript list and timeline.
- Click a verse number or use “Full verse page” for GA lookup, commentary, Greek tools, and (on ECM books) textual apparatus.
- Click any manuscript siglum (e.g. 01, P46) to open its catalog record.
This book
Hover any verse to see manuscripts whose content includes Galatians. The list is the same at every verse in this book.
The chapter view is for reading and quick manuscript discovery. Hover verse superscripts for a preview; open the verse page for full lists, timelines, and analysis tools.
Two manuscript lists
- Book catalog
- Manuscripts whose surviving text includes this book (from the Kurzgefaßte Liste catalog). The same list appears at every verse — it is not verse-specific attestation.
- ECM
- The Editio Critica Maior (ECM) is the scholarly critical edition of the Greek New Testament. Its apparatus records which manuscripts attest each textual variant at a specific verse.
Sources
English text: Berean Standard Bible (helloao API). NT manuscript catalog and apparatus: Münster NTVMR. Extrabiblical catalog: scholarly inventories with bundled JSON + Firestore. Pre-indexed lists enable fast hover; apparatus XML is fetched live on ECM verse pages.
Galatians 4The chapter view is for reading and quick manuscript discovery. Hover verse superscripts for a preview; open the verse page for full lists, timelines, and analysis tools.
Open verse
Hover a verse number in the passage to open a manuscript list and timeline. Open the verse page for GA lookup, commentary, and the full manuscript list.
1What I am saying is that as long as the heir is a child, he is no different from a slave, although he is the owner of everything.2He is subject to guardians and trustees until the date set by his father.3So also, when we were children, we were enslaved under the basic principles of the world.4But when the time had fully come, God sent His Son, born of a woman, born under the law,5to redeem those under the law, that we might receive our adoption as sons.6And because you are sons, God sent the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, crying out, “Abba, Father!”7So you are no longer a slave, but a son; and since you are a son, you are also an heir through God.8Formerly, when you did not know God, you were slaves to those who by nature are not gods.9But now that you know God, or rather are known by God, how is it that you are turning back to those weak and worthless principles? Do you wish to be enslaved by them all over again?10You are observing special days and months and seasons and years!11I fear for you, that my efforts for you may have been in vain.12I beg you, brothers, become like me, for I became like you. You have done me no wrong.13You know that it was because of an illness that I first preached the gospel to you.14And although my illness was a trial to you, you did not despise or reject me. Instead, you welcomed me as if I were an angel of God, as if I were Christ Jesus Himself.15What then has become of your blessing? For I can testify that, if it were possible, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me.16Have I now become your enemy by telling you the truth?17Those people are zealous for you, but not in a good way. Instead, they want to isolate you from us, so that you may be zealous for them.18Nevertheless, it is good to be zealous if it serves a noble purpose—at any time, and not only when I am with you.19My children, for whom I am again in the pains of childbirth until Christ is formed in you,20how I wish I could be with you now and change my tone, because I am perplexed about you.21Tell me, you who want to be under the law, do you not understand what the law says?22For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman and the other by the free woman.23His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh, but his son by the free woman was born through the promise.24These things serve as illustrations, for the women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children into slavery: This is Hagar.25Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present-day Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children.26But the Jerusalem above is free, and she is our mother.27For it is written: “Rejoice, O barren woman, who bears no children; break forth and cry aloud, you who have never travailed; because more are the children of the desolate woman than of her who has a husband.”28Now you, brothers, like Isaac, are children of promise.29At that time, however, the son born by the flesh persecuted the son born by the Spirit. It is the same now.30But what does the Scripture say? “Expel the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with the free woman’s son.”31Therefore, brothers, we are not children of the slave woman, but of the free woman.