How this worksGuide & definitions
Quick start
- Choose a book and chapter using the picker at the top.
- Read the Berean Standard Bible text in the main column.
- Hover a verse number in the passage to open a manuscript list and timeline.
- Click a verse number or use “Full verse page” for GA lookup, commentary, Greek tools, and (on ECM books) textual apparatus.
- Click any manuscript siglum (e.g. 01, P46) to open its catalog record.
This book
Hover any verse to see manuscripts whose content includes Galatians. The list is the same at every verse in this book.
The chapter view is for reading and quick manuscript discovery. Hover verse superscripts for a preview; open the verse page for full lists, timelines, and analysis tools.
Two manuscript lists
- Book catalog
- Manuscripts whose surviving text includes this book (from the Kurzgefaßte Liste catalog). The same list appears at every verse — it is not verse-specific attestation.
- ECM
- The Editio Critica Maior (ECM) is the scholarly critical edition of the Greek New Testament. Its apparatus records which manuscripts attest each textual variant at a specific verse.
Sources
English text: Berean Standard Bible (helloao API). NT manuscript catalog and apparatus: Münster NTVMR. Extrabiblical catalog: scholarly inventories with bundled JSON + Firestore. Pre-indexed lists enable fast hover; apparatus XML is fetched live on ECM verse pages.
Galatians 3The chapter view is for reading and quick manuscript discovery. Hover verse superscripts for a preview; open the verse page for full lists, timelines, and analysis tools.
Open verse
Hover a verse number in the passage to open a manuscript list and timeline. Open the verse page for GA lookup, commentary, and the full manuscript list.
1O foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you? Before your very eyes Jesus Christ was clearly portrayed as crucified.2I would like to learn just one thing from you: Did you receive the Spirit by works of the law, or by hearing with faith?3Are you so foolish? After starting in the Spirit, are you now finishing in the flesh?4Have you suffered so much for nothing, if it really was for nothing?5Does God lavish His Spirit on you and work miracles among you because you practice the law, or because you hear and believe?6So also, “Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.”7Understand, then, that those who have faith are sons of Abraham.8The Scripture foresaw that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and foretold the gospel to Abraham: “All nations will be blessed through you.”9So those who have faith are blessed along with Abraham, the man of faith.10All who rely on works of the law are under a curse. For it is written: “Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law.”11Now it is clear that no one is justified before God by the law, because, “The righteous will live by faith.”12The law, however, is not based on faith; on the contrary, “The man who does these things will live by them.”13Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us. For it is written: “Cursed is everyone who is hung on a tree.”14He redeemed us in order that the blessing promised to Abraham would come to the Gentiles in Christ Jesus, so that by faith we might receive the promise of the Spirit.15Brothers, let me put this in human terms. Even a human covenant, once it is ratified, cannot be canceled or amended.16The promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. The Scripture does not say, “and to seeds,” meaning many, but “and to your seed,” meaning One, who is Christ.17What I mean is this: The law that came 430 years later does not revoke the covenant previously established by God, so as to nullify the promise.18For if the inheritance depends on the law, then it no longer depends on a promise; but God freely granted it to Abraham through a promise.19Why then was the law given? It was added because of transgressions, until the arrival of the seed to whom the promise referred. It was administered through angels by a mediator.20A mediator is unnecessary, however, for only one party; but God is one.21Is the law, then, opposed to the promises of God? Certainly not! For if a law had been given that could impart life, then righteousness would certainly have come from the law.22But the Scripture pronounces all things confined by sin, so that by faith in Jesus Christ the promise might be given to those who believe.23Before this faith came, we were held in custody under the law, locked up until faith should be revealed.24So the law became our guardian to lead us to Christ, that we might be justified by faith.25Now that faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian.26You are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus.27For all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ.28There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.29And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s seed and heirs according to the promise.